Emakethe yezimboni, amakhasimende amaningi avame ukuba nemibuzo efana nale:
Kungani ezinye izingcezu zokubhoboza noma ompompi zibukeka zifana kakhulu kodwa zibe nomehluko omkhulu kangaka ngentengo? Ikakhulukazi kule minyaka emibili, amakhasimende amaningi aqaphele ngokucacile ukuguquguquka okusobala ekuncishisweni kwamanani amathuluzi.
Empeleni, intengo yama-drill bits nama-tap ayinqunywa yinoma yisiphi isici esisodwa, ingumphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, izidingo zokusebenza, kanye nezimo zemakethe. Sizoxoxa kafushane ngezinto ezibalulekile ukuchaza umqondo wamanani oyisisekelo. Ake sibheke ukwakheka kwangempela kwezindleko kusukela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa kuya ekukhiqizeni.
1. Izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa, isisekelo samanani
Izinto eziyinhloko zezingcezu zokubhoboza kanye namathephu yinsimbi yesivinini esikhulu (i-HSS).
Isizathu sokuthi i-HSS inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokusika yizinto zayo zokuhlanganisa ngaphakathi, njenge: i-Tungsten (W), i-Molybdenum (Mo), i-Cobalt (Co) njll. Sizwile amazinga ahlukene e-HSS, i-HSS 4341, i-M2, i-M35, i-M42, umehluko yizilinganiso zalezi zinto zokuhlanganisa. Amazinga aphezulu e-alloy athuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa kwezinto, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kanye nokuphila kwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, kodwa futhi andisa izindleko zezinto. Kungashiwo ukuthi izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa zinquma "phansi" lentengo yomkhiqizo.
Amamaki ensimbi avamile asheshayo anomehluko osobala ekusebenzeni kanye nezindleko:
• I-HSS / HSS 4341 ejwayelekile: Ifaneleka ekushicileleni izinto ezijwayelekile, izindleko eziphansi kakhulu
• M2: Ukusebenza okuzinzile okuphelele, okusebenza kabanzi
• I-M35 (equkethe i-cobalt): Ukumelana nokushisa okuthuthukisiwe, okufanele insimbi engagqwali nezinto ezifanayo
• I-M42 (i-cobalt ephezulu): Ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu kanye nokuqina okubomvu, okulungele kakhulu ukusebenza ngomshini oqhubekayo onamandla aphezulu
Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-alloy akugcini nje ngokwandisa izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa kodwa futhi kwenza ukukhiqiza kube nzima kakhulu, okubonakala ngentengo yokugcina yomkhiqizo.
Ensimbini enesivinini esikhulu, i-tungsten(W) ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhlanganisa, idlala indima ebalulekile ebulukhunini obubomvu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwama-drill bits kanye nama-tap.
Eminyakeni emibili edlule futhi ikakhulukazi kulo nyaka, idatha yezimboni zomphakathi ikhombisa ukuthi amanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlobene ne-tungsten ahlale ephezulu futhi eguquguqukayo. Izizathu eziyisisekelo zifaka phakathi, kodwa azigcini nje ngalokhu:
• Ukugcwala okuphezulu kwemithombo ye-tungsten ore, okuholela ekutholakaleni okuncane kakhulu
• Izindleko zokuthobela imithetho yemvelo kanye nezezimayini ezikhuphukayo
• Ukwanda kwesidingo esivela ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu, amandla amasha, kanye nemboni yezempi.
Ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi esheshayo, lokhu kushintsha kwentengo akuyona into yesikhashana kodwa ukushintsha kwezindleko kwesikhathi eside nokwakheka. Ngenxa yalokho, izindleko zokukhiqiza izingcezu zokubhoboza kanye nompompi ezenziwe ngezinsimbi zesivinini esiphezulu njenge-M2, M35, kanye ne-M42 nazo zikhuphukile. Kuyiqiniso elivamile elibhekene nayo yonke imboni.
Isithombe sibonisa ukuthambekela kwentengo ye-tungsten kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Okthoba 29, 2025. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaDisemba 2026, amanani e-tungsten ayaqhubeka nokukhuphuka. Uma kuqhathaniswa nasekuqaleni kuka-2026, amanani emikhiqizo emikhulu ye-tungsten akhuphuke kakhulu. Imininingwane yemboni ikhombisa ukuthi amanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko—kufaka phakathi i-tungsten concentrate, i-ammonium paratungstate (APT), i-tungsten powder, kanye ne-tungsten powder yama-carbide aqinisiwe—ngokujwayelekile akhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-100%. Amanani emikhiqizo ethile ye-tungsten kanye ne-cobalt powder asesondele noma akhule ngaphezu kuka-200%, okugcina izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa zensimbi ezisheshayo zisezingeni eliphezulu.
2. Ikhwalithi yokwelashwa kokushisa, isisekelo sokusebenza komkhiqizo
Ukwelashwa ngokushisa kungenye yezinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu kodwa ezingabonakali ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Kunquma ngqo ubulukhuni bethuluzi, ukuqina, kanye nokuqina okuphelele ngesikhathi somshini wangempela. Ukwelashwa ngokushisa okuklanywe kahle kufeza ibhalansi enhle phakathi kobulukhuni nokuqina. Ukwelashwa ngokushisa okungazinzile kungaholela ekuqhekekeni, ekuphukeni, noma empilweni yesevisi engaguquki. Futhi, inqubo yokwelashwa ngokushisa ezinzile nelawulwayo ngokuvamile idinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, ukulawulwa kokushisa okuqinile, kanye nokuphathwa kwenqubo okuyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali akutholakali kalula ngokubukeka komkhiqizo, kunquma kakhulu ukusebenza kwawo ezinhlelweni zangempela.
3. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi, kuthinta ukunemba komshini kanye nokuvumelana kwawo
Ngaphandle kwezinto zokwakha kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa, izinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ikhwalithi ndawonye zinquma ukunemba komshini, ukuhambisana, kanye nokusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwama-drill bits kanye nama-tap ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwangempela. Ekukhiqizeni kwangempela, umehluko wezindleko phakathi kwamazinga ahlukene okukhiqiza ubonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
• Umklamo wenqubo yokukhiqiza iyonke, njengokulawulwa kwezinga lokukhubazeka
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa izinyathelo zokugaya eziningi ngokunemba noma usebenzisa i-single-step roll-forged
• Ukulawula ngokunembile kwamapharamitha ejiyometri njengemiphetho yokusika, imibhobho ejikelezayo, nama-engeli angemuva
• Ngemikhiqizo yokuthepha, izinga lokulawula ukunemba komthofu kanye nokungaguquguquki konqenqema olusezingeni eliphezulu
Ukunemba okuphezulu kwemishini kusho ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kwemishini, isikhathi eside sokucubungula, kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo okuqinile. Lezi zici zithinta ngqo izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi ziphinde zithonye ukuzinza komkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa ngobuningi.
Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ozinzile incike ohlelweni lokulawula ikhwalithi oluhlelekile noluqhubekayo. Kubasebenzisi bezimboni, ukuhambisana kweqembu kanye nekhono lokuhlinzeka elizinzile isikhathi eside kubaluleke kakhulu kunentengo ye-oda elilodwa. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuphelele kuvame ukufaka:
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe
• Ukuhlolwa kokunemba kanye nokuhlolwa kokuphuma kwe-radial
• Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kanye nokulawula ukuhambisana kweqembu
• Ukuhlolwa kokubhoboza okunobudlova
Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali akugcini nje ngokuthola izinkinga kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi iqoqo ngalinye lemikhiqizo linokusebenza okufanayo nokubikezelwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impilo yokusebenzisa ibaluleke kakhulu kunentengo yeyunithi. Ezisetshenzisweni zezimboni, intengo yeyunithi ephansi ayilingani nezindleko eziphansi zesamba. Imikhiqizo enempilo emfushane kanye nokuqina okubi ivame ukuholela ekushintsheni kwamathuluzi njalo, ukuphazamiseka komshini kanye nokushintshashintsha kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo oqediwe. Ngakho-ke, abasebenzisi abangochwepheshe abaningi bagxila kakhulu ezindleleni zomshini weyunithi kunentengo elula yokubhoboza okukodwa noma ukuthepha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 24-2025